Wal-Mart is working with its suppliers, using tools such as electronic
billing, purchase-order verification, and bar-code technology to integrate data to improve overall performance. These measures are examples of:

a. supply chain management.
b. vertical marketing systems.
c. horizontal marketing systems.
d. channel comfort.

Nationally distributed consumer convenience products are most likely
distributed through which one of the following channels?
a. Producer to consumers directly
b. Producer to agents to wholesalers to retailers to consumers
c. Producer to wholesalers to consumers
d. Producers to wholesalers to retailers to consumers

IBM markets mainframe computers directly to businesses. This is an example of a:

a. producer to organizational buyer channel.
b. producer to industrial distributor to organizational buyer channel.
c. producer to agent to organizational buyer channel.
d. consumer channel.

God bless!